Plant Type:

• Evergreen Tree or Shrub
  This plant can grow as an evergreen tree or shrub, typically reaching a height of 3 to 9 meters (10 to 30 feet). It has dense, thorny branches.

Leaves:

• Ovate, Glossy Green Leaves
  The leaves are simple, dark green, and glossy, with a slightly winged petiole. The shape is ovate to elliptic, and they are aromatic when crushed due to the presence of essential oils.

Flowers:

• Fragrant, White Flowers
  The flowers are white, fragrant, and grow either singly or in small clusters. They are approximately 2 to 3 cm in diameter and contain five petals. The flowers are highly aromatic and often used to make neroli oil.

Fruit:

• Small, Round, and Rough-textured
  The fruit of the bitter orange is small and round, approximately 7 to 8 cm in diameter, with a thick, dimpled rind. It is bright orange when ripe and contains a sour, bitter-tasting pulp, often used in marmalades or as a flavoring agent.

Seeds:

• Numerous, Pale Yellow Seeds
  The fruit contains numerous pale yellow seeds that are small and pointed, typically found in the segmented fruit.

Stem and Bark:

• Thorny Branches
  The stems and branches are often covered in sharp thorns, especially on younger trees. The bark is smooth when young but becomes rougher as the tree ages.

Root System:

• Shallow Root System
  Like many citrus trees, bitter orange has a relatively shallow root system, requiring well-drained soil to thrive.

Habitat:

• Warm, Subtropical Regions
  Native to Southeast Asia, Citrus × aurantium grows well in warm, subtropical climates. It prefers sunny locations with well-drained soil and can tolerate short periods of drought, though it thrives with regular watering.

Growth Habit:

• Erect, Spreading Canopy
  The tree has a spreading, rounded canopy, making it an attractive landscape tree in gardens and orchards. The branches are densely packed, contributing to its bushy appearance.