Prickly Ash

Historical Use:
Zanthoxylum americanum, commonly known as Prickly Ash or the Toothache Tree, has been used by Native American and early settler communities for its ability to relieve pain and stimulate circulation. Traditionally, the bark and sometimes the roots were chewed or applied to the gums to numb tooth pain, hence the name Toothache Tree. It was also used to treat muscle soreness, joint pain, and poor circulation due to its warming and stimulating effects.

Current Uses:

Pain Relief: Today, the bark of Prickly Ash is still valued for its ability to numb pain, particularly for toothaches and gum pain. Its analgesic properties are also used to relieve sore muscles and joint pain.
Circulatory Support: Prickly Ash is commonly used as a circulatory stimulant, helping to improve blood flow and warm cold extremities. It is often included in herbal formulations for those suffering from poor circulation or conditions like Raynaud’s disease.
Digestive Aid: In modern herbal practice, Prickly Ash is sometimes used to stimulate digestion by improving blood flow to the digestive organs, making it helpful for conditions involving poor digestion or stagnation.
Respiratory Health: Prickly Ash is also used to help clear congestion in the lungs, making it useful for conditions such as bronchitis and colds.

Cautions

Toxicity:
No adverse effects are expected when used within recommended doses.

Contraindications:
Use caution in cases of acute inflammatory conditions of the stomach, as the stimulating properties of Prickly Ash may exacerbate irritation.

Interactions:
There is a theoretical additive effect when combined with anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) or cardiac glycosides (e.g., digoxin), which could potentially enhance their effects. It’s best to consult a healthcare provider when using these medications.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding:
Caution is advised. Avoid use during pregnancy and breastfeeding unless under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

Known Chemical Constituents

Alkaloids: Berberine (antimicrobial properties)
Isoquinoline Alkaloids: Chelerythrine, nitidine (antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects)
Furanocoumarins: Methoxsalen, dipetaline, alloxanthoxyletin, xanthoxyletin, xanthyletin (circulatory stimulant)
Flavonoids: Rutin, quercetin (antioxidant, supports circulation)
Lignans: Fargesin, sesamin, asarinin (anti-inflammatory)
Tannins: Astringent compounds that aid in wound healing and tissue repair
Volatile Oils: Limonene, alpha-pinene (contributes to its stimulating and warming properties)
Resins: Provides a protective, healing effect on tissues
Amines: Present in minor amounts, contributing to its overall effect.

Botanical Description

Habitat: Zanthoxylum americanum, also known as Prickly Ash, is native to North America and thrives in moist, well-drained soils along riverbanks, woodlands, and thickets. It is commonly found in the northern and central regions of the United States and Canada.

Leaves: The leaves are compound, with 5 to 11 small, oval leaflets arranged along a central stem. The edges of the leaflets are finely serrated, and they have a characteristic aromatic smell when crushed.

Stems: The stems and branches of Prickly Ash are covered in sharp thorns or spines, giving the plant its common name. The bark is grayish-brown with a distinct yellow inner layer when peeled.

Flowers: Small, greenish-yellow flowers bloom in early spring, appearing before the leaves. They are arranged in clusters and attract various pollinators.

Fruits: The fruit is a small, reddish-brown capsule that splits open when mature, releasing seeds. These fruits are sometimes referred to as “peppercorns” due to their spicy taste and appearance.

Roots: The roots are fibrous and have a yellowish hue, similar to the bark.

Fun Facts

Its signature tingling effect on the gums and skin has earned it a reputation as the “Toothache Tree,” but its benefits go far beyond oral care, providing relief for sore muscles, joint pain, and even poor circulation.

Parts Used

Bark, Fruit (Berries), tradionally Leaf

Harvest

Timing: The bark of Prickly Ash is best harvested in early spring, just before the plant starts to bloom, when the medicinal compounds are at their peak. The berries (or seeds) can be harvested in late summer when they ripen.

Method: To harvest the bark, use a sharp knife to make shallow cuts in the bark of mature branches, taking care not to damage the tree. Strip off the bark in sections. The berries can be gently plucked or shaken off when they are fully ripe.

Storage: After harvesting, dry the bark and berries in a cool, shaded, and well-ventilated area. Store the dried material in airtight containers away from direct sunlight and moisture. The bark and berries are most potent when used within one to two years.

Preparations

Teas/Infusions: Used to promote circulation, stimulate digestion, and relieve pain. It is often combined with other herbs in formulations to address poor blood flow or cold extremities.

Tinctures: Commonly used for pain relief, particularly for toothaches and joint pain. The tincture can be applied directly to the gums or taken internally for general pain relief.

Poultices: Fresh bark or powdered preparations can be used as a poultice for joint pain or muscle soreness, applied externally to improve circulation and relieve discomfort.

Syrups: Used for respiratory conditions like bronchitis or coughs, to help clear mucus and stimulate circulation in the lungs.

Capsules: Prickly Ash is sometimes taken in capsule form to promote circulatory health and support the digestive system, especially in cases of poor digestion or cold conditions.

Sacred Rituals

Prepare a warm bath or foot soak using a Prickly Ash Bark decoction. Add the decoction to a foot bath and stir gently, allowing the herbs to infuse. As you immerse yourself, visualize the warmth and energy flowing through your body, clearing any blockages and restoring vitality.

Affirmations

“I embrace my strength and resilience. Like Prickly Ash, I stand protected, warmed by life’s energy, and ready to heal from within.”

Spiritual Associations

A stimulating herb, promoting the flow of energy and encouraging the release of stagnant emotions or situations. Its numbing effects can also be seen as symbolic of reducing emotional pain, helping to bring clarity and relief during times of stress or hurt.