Dandruff occurs when the scalp sheds excess skin cells, often leading to white flakes, itching, and irritation. It can be caused by dry scalp, excess oil production, fungal overgrowth, or sensitivity to hair care products. Herbal remedies for dandruff reduction include neem (Azadirachta indica), which has antifungal and antibacterial properties that help combat dandruff and soothe the scalp, and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), which is used to stimulate circulation and reduce flaking. Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia), known for its antifungal properties, is effective in reducing dandruff when added to shampoo or used in a scalp massage.

Aloe vera can help moisturize the scalp and reduce irritation, while apple cider vinegar is used as a natural rinse to balance the scalp’s pH and reduce fungal growth. Proper scalp care, such as avoiding overly harsh shampoos, managing stress, and maintaining a healthy diet rich in nutrients like zinc and B vitamins, can also support dandruff reduction and overall scalp health.